A dictionary gives you information on:
Spelling: this is the most obvious thing as it is alphabetically organised.
Meaning: this is also obvious, but not as obvious as you might think. You must be careful, firstly because no two words have exactly the same meaning. Besides one word can have a multiplicity of meanings. Therefore, you must be very careful and make sure the meaning you have found in the dictionary works in the textual context.
Part of speech: your dictionary will tell whether a word is a noun, a verb, a preposition, an adjective, for example. This information is usually given in brackets immediately after the word and it is often abbreviated. Very often the meaning changes according to the part of speech the word belongs to. That is to say, the same word can be an adjective and a verb, and the meaning can change accordingly.
Stress: when a word has more than one syllable, it will have a stress on one of them. This will affect the way you should pronounce the word. Dictionaries usyally identify the stressed syllable by writing it in bold.
Origin: some dictionaries provide you with information about the origin of the word. As you know the English language has been influenced by other languages throughout the ages.
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